Pricing, production, and inventory policies for manufacturing with stochastic demand and discretionary sales

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Chan, Lap Mui Ann; Simchi-Levi, David; Swann, Julie
• 署名单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
• 刊物名称: M&SOM-MANUFACTURING & SERVICE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1523-4614
• DOI: 10.1287/msom.1060.0100
• 发表日期: 2006
• 页码: 149-168
• 关键词: Pricing; Production; INVENTORY CONTROL; discretionary sales; Worst-case analysis

摘要

W e study determining prices and production jointly in a multiple period horizon under a general, nonstationary stochastic demand function with a discrete menu of prices. We assume that the available production capacity is limited and that unmet demand is lost. We incorporate discretionary sales, when inventory may be set aside to satisfy future demand even if some present demand is lost. We analyze and compare partial planning or delayed strategies. In delayed strategies, one decision may be planned in advance, whereas a second decision is delayed until the beginning of each time period, after observing the results of previous decisions. For example, in delayed production (delayed pricing), pricing (production) is determined at the beginning of the horizon, and the production (pricing) decision is made at the beginning of each period before new customer orders are received. A special case is where a single price is chosen over the horizon. We describe policies and heuristics for the strategies based on deterministic approximations and analyze their performances. Computational analysis yields additional insights about the strategies, such as that delayed production is usually better than delayed pricing except sometimes when capacity is tight. On average, the delayed production (pricing) heuristic achieved 99.3% (99.8%) of the corresponding optimal strategy.