Not just a formality: Pay system formalization and sex-related earnings effects

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Elvira, MM; Graham, ME
• 署名单位: INSEAD Business School; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Clarkson University
• 刊物名称: ORGANIZATION SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1047-7039
• DOI: 10.1287/orsc.13.6.601.499
• 发表日期: 2002
• 页码: 601-617
• 关键词: sex composition; pay formalization; incentive bonuses

摘要

Drawing on neoclassical economic, internal labor market, and devaluation theories, we examine how the sex composition of jobs and the sex of individual workers affect earnings, depending upon the formalization of the pay type. Using personnel data for over 8,000 employees, we confirm the existence of a negative relationship between earnings and the proportion female in a job. We also find that for less-formalized pay types (cash incentive bonuses), sex-composition and individual-sex effects are larger than for more formalized pay (merit raises and base salary). Together, these findings support devaluation explanations, suggest that incentive bonuses may widen the earnings gap between women and men, and have implications for the design of pay structures in organizations.