It's not my fault - But only I can change it: Counterfactual and prefactual thoughts of managers
成果类型：
Article
署名作者：
Goerke, M; Möller, J; Schulz-Hardt, S
署名单位：
University of Bielefeld; Technische Universitat Dresden; University of Munich
刊物名称：
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
ISSN/ISSBN：
0021-9010
DOI：
10.1037/0021-9010.89.2.279
发表日期：
2004
页码：
279-292
关键词：
摘要：
In testing for the self-serving bias in performance evaluation, the authors propose that comparing managers' counterfactual and prefactual thoughts about subordinates' performance is more conclusive than the attributional approach and also offers practical advantages. In a study with 120 managers, a 4-way interaction of subordinate performance, temporal perspective, direction, and reference confirmed the predicted pattern. Managers' thoughts about how a weak performance could have been enhanced had external references, but thoughts about how such a performance could be enhanced in the future focused on the leader. This asymmetry was only observed for weak performance. Results are discussed with regard to biases in leaders' performance evaluations and to how counter- and prefactual thoughts could be used for leadership research and practice.
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