The Hierarchical Face: Higher Rankings Lead to Less Cooperative Looks

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Chen, Patricia; Myers, Christopher G.; Kopelman, Shirli; Garcia, Stephen M.
• 署名单位: University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0021-9010
• DOI: 10.1037/a0026308
• 发表日期: 2012
• 页码: 479-486
• 关键词: RANKINGS; cooperativeness; facial expressions

摘要

In 3 studies, we tested the hypothesis that the higher ranked an individual's group is, the less cooperative the facial expression of that person is judged to be. Study I established this effect among business school deans, with observers rating individuals from higher ranked schools as appearing less cooperative, despite lacking prior knowledge of the latters' actual rankings. Study 2 then experimentally manipulated ranking, showing that the effect of rankings on facial expressions is driven by context rather than by individual differences per se. Finally. Study 3 demonstrated that the repercussions of this effect extend beyond the perception of cooperativeness to tangible behavioral outcomes in social interactions. Theoretical and practical implications of this phenomenon are discussed.