Manufacturing national consent for industrial policy: a microhistorical analysis of Finnish shipbuilding

• 成果类型: Article; Early Access
• 署名作者: Stutz, Christian; Matala, Saara
• 署名单位: University of Jyvaskyla; Chalmers University of Technology
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0047-2506
• DOI: 10.1057/s41267-025-00779-x
• 发表日期: 2025
• 关键词: Business history; MICROHISTORY; History-to-theory; New institutional economics; International nonmarket strategies; Political strategies; Business-government interactions and relations; Industrial policy; State interventions

摘要

Industrial policy, the use of state power to influence the development of industries, has become increasingly influential in international business, yet its firm-level dynamics remain understudied. Through a history-to-theory approach and microhistorical analysis, we investigate how the Finnish shipbuilding industry employed nonmarket strategies (NMS) to influence outward-oriented industrial policies that supported its international expansion. Grounded in New Institutional Economics, we identify two key industrial policy shifts - in the mid-1950s and early 1980s - that reduced cross-border transaction costs for Finnish shipbuilders to enhance their international competitiveness. Before each shift, the industry proactively aligned its business interests with national policy priorities, engaging in what we term manufacturing national consent - positioning the sector as critical to national interests to legitimize supportive policies. We critically assess the double-edged role of NMS in industrial policy, demonstrating that while it creates regulatory capture and hinders alternative economic pathways, it also fosters government-business collaboration, improving the prospects of effective policy design. We further account for country-specific factors and broader inter-country dynamics to analyze policy implications for home-country firms. In all, our study contributes to the revitalization of industrial policy as a topic in the IB discipline by uncovering the active role of firms in shaping policy outcomes. La politique industrielle, d & eacute;finie comme l'utilisation du pouvoir de l'& Eacute;tat pour influencer le d & eacute;veloppement des industries, est devenue de plus en plus influente dans les affaires internationales, mais sa dynamique au niveau de l'entreprise reste peu & eacute;tudi & eacute;e. Dans une perspective de la th & eacute;orie & eacute;man & eacute;e de l'histoire et gr & acirc;ce & agrave; une analyse micro-historique, nous examinons comment l'industrie finlandaise de la construction navale a utilis & eacute; des strat & eacute;gies non marchandes (Nonmarket Strategies - NMS) pour influencer les politiques industrielles plus ouvertes vers l'ext & eacute;rieur lesquelles ont soutenu son expansion internationale. Nous appuyant sur la Nouvelle Economie Institutionnelle, nous identifions deux changements cl & eacute;s dans la politique industrielle - au milieu des ann & eacute;es 1950 et au d & eacute;but des ann & eacute;es 1980 - qui ont r & eacute;duit les co & ucirc;ts de transaction transfrontaliers pour les constructeurs navals finlandais, renfor & ccedil;ant ainsi leur comp & eacute;titivit & eacute; internationale. Avant chaque changement, l'industrie a proactivement align & eacute; ses int & eacute;r & ecirc;ts commerciaux sur les priorit & eacute;s politiques nationales, en s'engageant dans ce que nous appelons la << fabrication du consentement national >> - en positionnant le secteur comme essentiel aux int & eacute;r & ecirc;ts nationaux pour l & eacute;gitimer les politiques de soutien. Nous & eacute;valuons de mani & egrave;re critique le r & ocirc;le & agrave; double tranchant des NMS dans la politique industrielle, en d & eacute;montrant que m & ecirc;me si elles cr & eacute;ent une emprise r & eacute;glementaire et entravent des voies & eacute;conomiques alternatives, elles favorisent & eacute;galement la collaboration entre le gouvernement et les entreprises, am & eacute;liorant ainsi les perspectives d'une conception efficace de la politique. Nous tenons & eacute;galement compte des facteurs sp & eacute;cifiques & agrave; chaque pays et des dynamiques internationales plus larges afin d'analyser les implications politiques pour les entreprises du pays d'origine. Dans l'ensemble, notre recherche contribue & agrave; la revitalisation de la politique industrielle en tant que th & egrave;me de recherche dans le champ des affaires internationales, en mettant en & eacute;vidence le r & ocirc;le actif des entreprises dans l'& eacute;laboration des r & eacute;sultats politiques. La pol & iacute;tica industrial, el uso del poder estatal para influir en el desarrollo de industrias, ha ganado creciente influencia en los Negocios Internacionales; sin embargo, sus din & aacute;micas a nivel empresarial siguen siendo poco estudiadas. A trav & eacute;s de un enfoque de historia-a-teor & iacute;a y an & aacute;lisis microhist & oacute;rico, investigamos c & oacute;mo la industria finlandesa de construcci & oacute;n de barcos emple & oacute; estrategias no mercantiles (NMS por sus iniciales en ingl & eacute;s) para influir en pol & iacute;ticas industriales orientadas al exterior que respaldaron su expansi & oacute;n internacional. Basados en la Nueva Econom & iacute;a Institucional, identificamos dos cambios clave en la pol & iacute;tica industrial - a mediados de los a & ntilde;os 1950 y principios de los 1980 - que redujeron los costos de transacci & oacute;n transfronterizos para los constructores de barcos finlandeses, mejorando su competitividad internacional. Antes de cada cambio, la industria aline & oacute; proactivamente sus intereses comerciales con las prioridades pol & iacute;ticas nacionales, participando en lo que denominamos fabricaci & oacute;n del consenso nacional - posicionando al sector como cr & iacute;tico para los intereses nacionales para legitimar pol & iacute;ticas de apoyo. Evaluamos cr & iacute;ticamente el papel de doble filo de las ENM en la pol & iacute;tica industrial, demostrando que mientras crea captura regulatoria y obstaculiza v & iacute;as econ & oacute;micas alternativas, tambi & eacute;n fomenta la colaboraci & oacute;n gobierno-empresa, mejorando las perspectivas de un dise & ntilde;o efectivo de pol & iacute;ticas. Adem & aacute;s, consideramos factores espec & iacute;ficos del pa & iacute;s y din & aacute;micas m & aacute;s amplias entre pa & iacute;ses para analizar las implicaciones pol & iacute;ticas para las empresas del pa & iacute;s de origen. En conjunto, nuestro estudio contribuye a la revitalizaci & oacute;n de la pol & iacute;tica industrial como tema en la disciplina de Negocios Internacionales al descubrir el papel activo de las empresas en la configuraci & oacute;n de resultados pol & iacute;ticos. A pol & iacute;tica industrial, entendida como o uso do poder estatal para influenciar o desenvolvimento de setores produtivos, tem se tornado cada vez mais influente nos neg & oacute;cios internacionais. No entanto, suas din & acirc;micas no n & iacute;vel das firmas permanecem pouco estudadas. Por interm & eacute;dio de uma abordagem de hist & oacute;ria para teoria e de uma an & aacute;lise micro hist & oacute;rica, investigamos como o setor de constru & ccedil;& atilde;o naval finland & ecirc;s utilizou estrat & eacute;gias n & atilde;o mercadol & oacute;gicas (NMS) para influenciar pol & iacute;ticas industriais voltadas para o exterior que sustentaram sua expans & atilde;o internacional. Fundamentados na Nova Economia Institucional, identificamos duas mudan & ccedil;as cruciais na pol & iacute;tica industrial - em meados de 1950 e no in & iacute;cio dos anos 1980 - que reduziram custos de transa & ccedil;& atilde;o transfronteiri & ccedil;os para estaleiros finlandeses, ampliando sua competitividade internacional. Antes de cada mudan & ccedil;a, o setor alinhou proativamente seus interesses comerciais a prioridades de pol & iacute;ticas nacionais, engajando-se no que denominamos de constru & ccedil;& atilde;o do consentimento nacional - posicionando o setor como fundamental para interesses nacionais, a fim de legitimar pol & iacute;ticas de apoio. Avaliamos criticamente o papel ambivalente de NMS na pol & iacute;tica industrial, demonstrando que, embora promovam a captura regulat & oacute;ria e dificultem trajet & oacute;rias econ & ocirc;micas alternativas, tamb & eacute;m fomentam a colabora & ccedil;& atilde;o entre governo e empresas, aprimorando as perspectivas de formula & ccedil;& atilde;o eficaz de pol & iacute;ticas p & uacute;blicas. Al & eacute;m disso, consideramos fatores espec & iacute;ficos de cada pa & iacute;s e din & acirc;micas interpa & iacute;ses mais amplas para analisar implica & ccedil;& otilde;es das pol & iacute;ticas industriais para empresas do pa & iacute;s de origem. Em suma, nosso estudo contribui para a revitaliza & ccedil;& atilde;o da pol & iacute;tica industrial como um tema na disciplina de IB, ao revelar o papel ativo de empresas na conforma & ccedil;& atilde;o de resultados das pol & iacute;ticas p & uacute;blicas. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (NMS) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) 20 (sic)(sic) 50 (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) 1980 (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) - - (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) NMS (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (IB) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).