Indigenous peoples' reactions to foreign direct investment: a social movement perspective

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Jamison, Anne Spencer; Tadmor, Doron; Henisz, Witold Jerzy
• 署名单位: Copenhagen Business School; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0047-2506
• DOI: 10.1057/s41267-025-00778-y
• 发表日期: 2025
• 页码: 720-738
• 关键词: Institutional context; Civil society; POLITICAL RISK; Longitudinal (or time-series); Theory of FDI and the MNE (ownership-location-internalization); Indigenous

摘要

A growing body of literature highlights that large-scale investments in sensitive contexts can undermine both firm financial performance and peace-positive development. We investigate whether and under what conditions foreign direct investment (FDI) proximate to Indigenous land claims increases or decreases conflict. Drawing on social movement theory's identification of powerful frames and political opportunity structures as drivers of mobilization, we predict that FDI proximate to Indigenous land claims will promote conflict. We leverage novel data on the global location of Indigenous land claims and a global corpus of more than 4 billion news articles. We find that when locations with Indigenous land claims are treated with FDI, we observe an increase in media-reported armed conflict events. We further argue and find this effect to be driven by rebels acting on behalf of Indigenous people who target (multinational) corporations and the governments who offer them the formal license to operate. These negative effects are found across a wide range of industries. Our results underscore that for investments in sensitive socio-political contexts, such as Indigenous lands, firm performance and the livelihoods of community members are heavily influenced by conflict risk mitigation efforts. In recent years, there have been many conflicts between Indigenous peoples and corporations operating on their traditional lands. These conflicts often arise when multinational companies, like Danone in Mexico or Vedanta in India, exploit natural resources, leading to environmental damage and threatening Indigenous ways of life. This study explores the broader patterns of such conflicts, focusing on how foreign direct investment (FDI) near Indigenous lands can lead to increased armed conflict.This article examines nearly 800 foreign direct investment projects on or near Indigenous lands worldwide. Researchers used a method called propensity matching to compare areas with similar characteristics, except for the presence of FDI, to understand its impact on conflict. They also used media data to identify the actors involved in these conflicts. The study found that FDI in these areas often leads to more armed conflict, especially when the land is heavily modified by human activity. The conflicts are typically between rebel groups and governments or corporations, suggesting that Indigenous peoples may align with rebels to resist perceived injustices.The study concludes that FDI near Indigenous lands can increase conflict, particularly when Indigenous rights are not protected. This highlights the need for better legal protections for Indigenous peoples and more responsible corporate practices. The findings suggest that future investments should consider the social and political contexts to avoid exacerbating conflicts. This research contributes to understanding how globalization and economic development can impact Indigenous communities and emphasizes the importance of respecting Indigenous rights in international business practices.This text was initially drafted using artificial intelligence, then reviewed by the author(s) to ensure accuracy. Il existe un corpus de recherche grandissant qui montre que les investissements & agrave; grande & eacute;chelle dans des contextes sensibles peuvent nuire & agrave; la fois & agrave; la performance financi & egrave;re des entreprises et au d & eacute;veloppement favorable & agrave; la paix. Nous cherchons & agrave; savoir si et dans quelles conditions les investissements directs & eacute;trangers (Foreign Direct Investment - FDI) & agrave; proximit & eacute; des revendications territoriales autochtones augmentent ou diminuent les conflits. Nous appuyant sur la th & eacute;orie des mouvements sociaux qui identifie les cadres puissants et les structures d'opportunit & eacute;s politiques comme des moteurs de mobilisation, nous pr & eacute;disons que les FDI & agrave; proximit & eacute; des revendications territoriales autochtones favoriseront les conflits. Nous exploitons des donn & eacute;es in & eacute;dites concernant la localisation mondiale des revendications territoriales autochtones ainsi qu' un corpus mondial de plus de quatre milliards d'articles de presse. Nous constatons que lorsque des sites faisant l'objet de revendications territoriales autochtones sont trait & eacute;s avec des FDI, nous observons une augmentation des conflits arm & eacute;s rapport & eacute;s par les m & eacute;dias. Nous argumentons en outre que cet effet est d & ucirc; & agrave; des rebelles agissant au nom des populations autochtones et ciblant les entreprises (multinationales) ainsi que les gouvernements qui leur offrent la licence officielle d'exercer leurs activit & eacute;s. Ces impacts n & eacute;gatifs se retrouvent dans un large & eacute;ventail d'industries. Nos r & eacute;sultats soulignent que, pour les investissements dans des contextes sociopolitiques sensibles, tels que les terres indig & egrave;nes, les performances des entreprises et les moyens de subsistance des membres de la communaut & eacute; sont fortement influenc & eacute;s par les efforts d'att & eacute;nuation des risques de conflit. Una creciente literatura destaca que las inversiones a gran escala en contextos sensibles pueden socavar tanto el desempe & ntilde;o financiero empresarial como el desarrollo orientado a la paz. Investigamos si la inversi & oacute;n extranjera directa (IED) pr & oacute;xima a reclamos territoriales ind & iacute;genas aumenta o disminuye los conflictos y en qu & eacute; condiciones. Bas & aacute;ndonos en la identificaci & oacute;n que hace la teor & iacute;a de movimientos sociales de los marcos poderosos y las estructuras de oportunidad pol & iacute;tica como impulsores de la movilizaci & oacute;n, predecimos que la inversi & oacute;n extranjera directa pr & oacute;xima a reclamos territoriales ind & iacute;genas promover & aacute; el conflicto. Aprovechamos datos novedosos sobre la ubicaci & oacute;n global de reclamos territoriales ind & iacute;genas y un corpus global de m & aacute;s de cuatro mil millones de art & iacute;culos period & iacute;sticos. Encontramos que cuando las ubicaciones con reclamos territoriales ind & iacute;genas reciben inversi & oacute;n extranjera directa, observamos un aumento en los eventos de conflicto armado reportados por los medios. Adem & aacute;s, argumentamos y encontramos que este efecto es impulsado por grupos rebeldes que act & uacute;an en nombre de los pueblos ind & iacute;genas y que se dirigen contra las corporaciones (multinacionales) y los gobiernos que les otorgan la licencia formal para operar. Estos efectos negativos se encuentran en una amplia gama de industrias. Nuestros resultados subrayan que, para inversiones en contextos sociopol & iacute;ticos sensibles, como territorios ind & iacute;genas, el desempe & ntilde;o empresarial y los medios de vida de los miembros de la comunidad est & aacute;n fuertemente influenciados por los esfuerzos de mitigaci & oacute;n del riesgo de conflicto. Uma crescente por & ccedil;& atilde;o da literatura destaca que investimentos de larga escala em contextos sens & iacute;veis podem comprometer tanto o desempenho financeiro de empresas quanto o desenvolvimento favor & aacute;vel & agrave; paz. Investigamos se, e sob que condi & ccedil;& otilde;es, o investimento estrangeiro direto (FDI) pr & oacute;ximo a territ & oacute;rios reivindicados por ind & iacute;genas aumenta ou reduz conflitos. Baseados na teoria dos movimentos sociais, que identifica estruturas poderosas e de oportunidade pol & iacute;tica como fatores propulsores da mobiliza & ccedil;& atilde;o, prevemos que FDI pr & oacute;ximo a territ & oacute;rios reivindicados por ind & iacute;genas promover & aacute; conflitos. Utilizamos dados in & eacute;ditos sobre a localiza & ccedil;& atilde;o global de & aacute;reas reivindicadas por ind & iacute;genas, bem como um conjunto global composto por mais de quatro bilh & otilde;es de artigos jornal & iacute;sticos. Constatamos que, quando localidades reivindicadas por ind & iacute;genas recebem FDI, h & aacute; um aumento na ocorr & ecirc;ncia de eventos de conflito armado reportados pela m & iacute;dia. Ainda argumentamos que esse efeito & eacute; impulsionado por grupos rebeldes atuando em nome de povos ind & iacute;genas que direcionam suas a & ccedil;& otilde;es contra corpora & ccedil;& otilde;es multinacionais e os governos que lhes concedem a licen & ccedil;a formal para operar. Esses efeitos negativos s & atilde;o observados em diversos setores da economia. Nossos resultados ressaltam que, em investimentos realizados em contextos sociopol & iacute;ticos sens & iacute;veis, como terras ind & iacute;genas, tanto o desempenho de empresas quanto os meios de subsist & ecirc;ncia de membros da comunidade s & atilde;o fortemente impactados por esfor & ccedil;os de mitiga & ccedil;& atilde;o do risco de conflito. 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