UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY DYNAMICS IN THE STUDY OF GRAND CHALLENGES: HOW NONPROFITS, INSTITUTIONAL ACTORS, AND THE COMMUNITY FABRIC INTERACT TO INFLUENCE INCOME INEQUALITY

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Berrone, Pascual; Gelabert, Liliana; Massa-Saluzzo, Federica; Rousseau, Horacio E.
• 署名单位: University of Navarra; IESE Business School; University of Navarra; IESE Business School; Schneider Electric; IE University; EADA Business School; University of Bologna
• 刊物名称: ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0001-4273
• DOI: 10.5465/amj.2015.0746
• 发表日期: 2016
• 页码: 1940-1964
• 关键词: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; ROBUST ACTION; COMPETITION; ORGANIZATIONS; sector; cities; entrepreneurship; conservatism; corporations

摘要

This paper provides a conceptual model that explains how competitive and institutional dynamics at the community level influence the ability of welfare-oriented nonprofits to eradicate income inequality. To test our framework, we build a large and unique seven-year panel dataset consisting of data from 245 U.S. communities. We find that increasing the number of welfare nonprofits is beneficial for reducing community inequality, but only up to a point, after which resource competition decreases their effectiveness. This competition for resources is also present when a high density of elite-oriented nonprofits operates in the same community. Hypotheses focused on the institutional dimension receive mixed support. As predicted, welfare nonprofits are more effective when they operate in communities with strong law enforcement capabilities and less effective in politically conservative local contexts. Contrary to our expectations, however, we find that welfare nonprofits are less effective in demographically heterogeneous local contexts and when the government provides effective social policies, thus indicating a possible substitution effect. Surprisingly, nonprofit effectiveness is increased in highly financialized local contexts. Together, our results indicate that issues of competition, institutional alignment, and community support in the context of grand challenges are more complex than originally thought.