Pounds That Kill: The External Costs of Vehicle Weight

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Anderson, Michael L.; Auffhammer, Maximilian
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
• 刊物名称: REVIEW OF ECONOMIC STUDIES
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0034-6527
• DOI: 10.1093/restud/rdt035
• 发表日期: 2014
• 页码: 535-571
• 关键词: sport-utility vehicles; fuel-economy; automobile safety; gasoline taxes; traffic fatalities; american roads; arms-race; EFFICIENCY; STANDARDS; trucks

摘要

Heavier vehicles are safer for their own occupants but more hazardous for other vehicles. Simple theory thus suggests that an unregulated vehicle fleet is inefficiently heavy. Using three separate identification strategies we show that, controlling for own-vehicle weight, being hit by a vehicle that is 1000 pounds heavier generates a 40-50% increase in fatality risk. These results imply a total accident-related externality that exceeds the estimated social cost of US carbon emissions and is equivalent to a gas tax of $0.97 per gallon ($136 billion annually). We consider two policies for internalizing this external cost, a weight-varying mileage tax and a gas tax, and find that they are similar for most vehicles. The findings suggest that European gas taxes may be much closer to optimal levels than the US gas tax.