Globalization, Gender, and the Family

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Keller, Wolfgang; Utar, Hale
• 署名单位: University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; Grinnell College
• 刊物名称: REVIEW OF ECONOMIC STUDIES
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0034-6527
• DOI: 10.1093/restud/rdac012
• 发表日期: 2022
• 页码: 3381-3409
• 关键词: import competition; trade liberalization; adjustment; fertility; marriage; IMPACT; gap; EVOLUTION; CHILDREN; decline

摘要

Facing the same labour demand shock through imports from China, we show that men and women make different labour market and family adjustments that result in significant long-run gender inequality. The gender gap is driven by the female biological clock. Using population registers and matched employer-employee data from Denmark, we document that especially women in their late 30s, towards the end of their biological clock, decide to have a baby as the shock causes displacement. High-earning women in leadership positions and women who need to acquire new human capital are central because their new employment would require particularly high investments that are incompatible with having a newborn in the short time remaining on the biological clock. While children penalize women in the labour market, we show that due to the biological clock an otherwise gender-neutral shock leads to a gender gap in the labour market.