HYBRID INNOVATION IN MEIJI, JAPAN*

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Nicholas, Tom
• 署名单位: Harvard University
• 刊物名称: INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0020-6598
• DOI: 10.1111/iere.12007
• 发表日期: 2013
• 页码: 575-600
• 关键词: knowledge spillovers; research consortia; patents; prizes; incentives

摘要

Japan's hybrid innovation system during the Meiji era provides a useful laboratory for examining the effectiveness of complementary incentives to patents. Patents were introduced in 1885, and by 1911 1.2 million mostly nonpecuniary prizes were awarded at 8,503 competitions. Prizes provided a strong boost to patents, especially in less developed prefectures, and they also induced large spillovers of technical knowledge in prefectures adjacent to those with prizes, relative to distant control prefectures without prizes. Linking competition expenditures with the expected market value of patents induced by the prizes permits a costbenefit assessment of the prize competitions to be made.