HOW LONG WAS THE WORKDAY IN 1880

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0022-0507
• DOI: 10.1017/S0022050700010299
• 发表日期: 1992
• 页码: 129-160
• 关键词: UNITED-STATES

摘要

This article develops the first comprehensive set of estimates of daily hours of work in 1880 using new data from the Census of Manufactures. We conclude that the average workday was almost exactly 10 hours in 1880-almost a decade earlier than hitherto supposed. Our statistical analysis also reveals small but statistically significant variations in hours between firms and industries, between regions, and by location. We also find that higher-paid workers probably substituted leisure for income, that total employment was unresponsive to hours, and that hours and days of employment during the year moved together.