The thermoneutral zone in women takes an arctic shift compared to men

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Brychta, Robert J.; Mcgehee, Suzanne; Huang, Shan; Leitner, Brooks P.; Duckworth, Courtney J.; Fletcher, Laura A.; Kim, Katherine; Cassimatis, Thomas M.; Israni, Nikita S.; Lea, Hannah J.; Lentz, Taylor N.; Pierce, Anne E.; Jiang, Alex; Lamunion, Samuel R.; Thomas, Reed J.; Ishihara, Asuka; Courville, Amber B.; Yang, Shanna B.; Reitman, Marc L.; Cypess, Aaron M.; Chen, Kong Y.
• 署名单位: National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-13269
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311116121
• 发表日期: 2024-05-07
• 关键词: 35 year perspective; tourette-syndrome; cholinergic interneurons; prepulse inhibition; dorsal striatum; dopamine; postmortem; celsr3; abnormalities; reinforcement

摘要

Conventionally, women are perceived to feel colder than men, but controlled comparisons are sparse. We measured the response of healthy, lean, young women and men to a range of ambient temperatures typical of the daily environment (17 to 31 degrees C). The Scholander model of thermoregulation defines the lower critical temperature as threshold of the thermoneutral zone, below which additional heat production is required to defend core body temperature. This parameter can be used to characterize the thermoregulatory phenotypes of endotherms on a spectrum from arctic to tropical. We found that women had a cooler lower critical temperature (mean +/- SD: 21.9 +/- 1.3 degrees C vs. 22.9 +/- 1.2 degrees C, P = 0.047), resembling an arctic shift compared to men. The more arctic profile of women was predominantly driven by higher insulation associated with more body fat compared to men, countering the lower basal metabolic rate associated with their smaller body size, which typically favors a tropical shift. We did not detect sex - based differences in secondary measures of thermoregulation including brown adipose tissue glucose uptake, muscle electrical activity, skin temperatures, coldinduced thermogenesis, or self - reported thermal comfort. In conclusion, the principal contributors to individual differences in human thermoregulation are physical attributes, including body size and composition, which may be partly mediated by sex.