Metabolite-induced in vivo fabrication of substrate-free organic bioelectronics

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Strakosas, Xenofon; Biesmans, Hanne; Abrahamsson, Tobias; Hellman, Karin; Ejneby, Malin Silvera; Donahue, Mary J.; Ekstrom, Peter; Ek, Fredrik; Savvakis, Marios; Hjort, Martin; Bliman, David; Linares, Mathieu; Lindholm, Caroline; Stavrinidou, Eleni; Gerasimov, Jennifer Y.; Simon, Daniel T.; Olsson, Roger; Berggren, Magnus
• 署名单位: Linkoping University; Lund University; University of Gothenburg; Linkoping University
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-9893
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adc9998
• 发表日期: 2023-02-24
• 页码: 795-802
• 关键词: polymerization; electrodes; glucose; transport; pedot

摘要

Interfacing electronics with neural tissue is crucial for understanding complex biological functions, but conventional bioelectronics consist of rigid electrodes fundamentally incompatible with living systems. The difference between static solid-state electronics and dynamic biological matter makes seamless integration of the two challenging. To address this incompatibility, we developed a method to dynamically create soft substrate-free conducting materials within the biological environment. We demonstrate in vivo electrode formation in zebrafish and leech models, using endogenous metabolites to trigger enzymatic polymerization of organic precursors within an injectable gel, thereby forming conducting polymer gels with long-range conductivity. This approach can be used to target specific biological substructures and is suitable for nerve stimulation, paving the way for fully integrated, in vivo-fabricated electronics within the nervous system.