Lane nucleation in complex active flows

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Bacik, Karol A.; Bacik, Bogdan S.; Rogers, Tim
• 署名单位: University of Bath; Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Jerzego Kukuczki w Katowicach
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-11091
• DOI: 10.1126/science.add8091
• 发表日期: 2023-03-03
• 页码: 923-U65
• 关键词: pedestrian flow; MODEL

摘要

Laning is a paradigmatic example of spontaneous organization in active two-component flows that has been observed in diverse contexts, including pedestrian traffic, driven colloids, complex plasmas, and molecular transport. We introduce a kinetic theory that elucidates the physical origins of laning and quantifies the propensity for lane nucleation in a given physical system. Our theory is valid in the low-density regime, and it makes different predictions about situations in which lanes may form that are not parallel with the direction of flow. We report on experiments with human crowds that verify two notable consequences of this phenomenon: tilting lanes under broken chiral symmetry and lane nucleation along elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic curves in the presence of sources or sinks.