Declining cost of renewables and climate change curb the need for African hydropower expansion

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Carlino, Angelo; Wildemeersch, Matthias; Chawanda, Celray James; Giuliani, Matteo; Sterl, Sebastian; Thiery, Wim; van Griensven, Ann; Castelletti, Andrea
• 署名单位: Polytechnic University of Milan; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); Vrije Universiteit Brussel; World Wildlife Fund; Carnegie Institution for Science; University of Oxford
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-13298
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adf5848
• 发表日期: 2023-08-11
• 页码: 645-+
• 关键词: large dams; energy; impacts; nexus; connectivity; overruns; base

摘要

Across continental Africa, more than 300 new hydropower projects are under consideration to meet the future energy demand that is expected based on the growing population and increasing energy access. Yet large uncertainties associated with hydroclimatic and socioeconomic changes challenge hydropower planning. In this work, we show that only 40 to 68% of the candidate hydropower capacity in Africa is economically attractive. By analyzing the African energy systems' development from 2020 to 2050 for different scenarios of energy demand, land-use change, and climate impacts on water availability, we find that wind and solar outcompete hydropower by 2030. An additional 1.8 to 4% increase in annual continental investment ensures reliability against future hydroclimatic variability. However, cooperation between countries is needed to overcome the divergent spatial distribution of investment costs and potential energy deficits.