Host control of the microbiome: Mechanisms, evolution, and disease

• 成果类型: Review
• 署名作者: Wilde, Jacob; Slack, Emma; Foster, Kevin R.
• 署名单位: University of Oxford; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Oxford; University of Oxford
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-9186
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adi3338
• 发表日期: 2024-07-19
• 关键词: gut microbiota; antimicrobial peptide; innate immunity; HEALTH; intestine; bacteria; protect; origin; segregation; homeostasis

摘要

Many species, including humans, host communities of symbiotic microbes. There is a vast literature on the ways these microbiomes affect hosts, but here we argue for an increased focus on how hosts affect their microbiomes. Hosts exert control over their symbionts through diverse mechanisms, including immunity, barrier function, physiological homeostasis, and transit. These mechanisms enable hosts to shape the ecology and evolution of microbiomes and generate natural selection for microbial traits that benefit the host. Our microbiomes result from a perpetual tension between host control and symbiont evolution, and we can leverage the host's evolved abilities to regulate the microbiota to prevent and treat disease. The study of host control will be central to our ability to both understand and manipulate microbiotas for better health.