Ecological roles and importance of sharks in the Anthropocene Ocean

• 成果类型: Review
• 署名作者: Dedman, Simon; Moxley, Jerry H.; Papastamatiou, Yannis P.; Braccini, Matias; Caselle, Jennifer E.; Chapman, Demian D.; Cinner, Joshua Eli; Dillon, Erin M.; Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Dunn, Ruth Elizabeth; Espinoza, Mario; Harborne, Alastair R.; Harvey, Euan S.; Heupel, Michelle R.; Huveneers, Charlie; Graham, Nicholas A. J.; Ketchum, James T.; Klinard, Natalie V.; Kock, Alison A.; Lowe, Christopher G.; MacNeil, M. Aaron; Madin, Elizabeth M. P.; McCauley, Douglas J.; Meekan, Mark G.; Meier, Amelia C.; Simpfendorfer, Colin A.; Tinker, M. Tim; Winton, Megan; Wirsing, Aaron J.; Heithaus, Michael R.
• 署名单位: State University System of Florida; Florida International University; Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Research Laboratories; Department of Primary Industries & Regional Development NSW; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Mote Marine Laboratory & Aquarium; University of Sydney; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Simon Fraser University; Lancaster University; Heriot Watt University; Universidad Costa Rica; Universidad Costa Rica; Curtin University; University of Tasmania; Australian Institute of Marine Science; Integrated Marine Observing System; University of Tasmania; Flinders University South Australia; CIBNOR - Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste; Dalhousie University; National Research Foundation - South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity; California State University System; California State University Long Beach; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; Australian Institute of Marine Science; University of Western Australia; James Cook University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-11807
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adl2362
• 发表日期: 2024-08-02
• 关键词: extinction risk; bright spots; marine; predators; CONSERVATION; populations; RECOVERY; drives; governance; management

摘要

In ecosystems, sharks can be predators, competitors, facilitators, nutrient transporters, and food. However, overfishing and other threats have greatly reduced shark populations, altering their roles and effects on ecosystems. We review these changes and implications for ecosystem function and management. Macropredatory sharks are often disproportionately affected by humans but can influence prey and coastal ecosystems, including facilitating carbon sequestration. Like terrestrial predators, sharks may be crucial to ecosystem functioning under climate change. However, large ecosystem effects of sharks are not ubiquitous. Increasing human uses of oceans are changing shark roles, necessitating management consideration. Rebuilding key populations and incorporating shark ecological roles, including less obvious ones, into management efforts are critical for retaining sharks' functional value. Coupled social-ecological frameworks can facilitate these efforts.