A rockslide-generated tsunami in a Greenland fjord rang Earth for 9 days

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Svennevig, Kristian; Hicks, Stephen P.; Forbriger, Thomas; Lecocq, Thomas; Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf; Mangeney, Anne; Hibert, Clement; Korsgaard, Niels J.; Lucas, Antoine; Satriano, Claudio; Anthony, Robert E.; Mordret, Aurelien; Schippkus, Sven; Rysgaard, Sren; Boone, Wieter; Gibbons, Steven J.; Cook, Kristen L.; Glimsdal, Sylfest; Lovholt, Finn; Van Noten, Koen; Assink, Jelle D.; Marboeuf, Alexis; Lomax, Anthony; Vanneste, Kris; Taira, Taka'aki; Spagnolo, Matteo; De Plaen, Raphael; Koelemeijer, Paula; Ebeling, Carl; Cannata, Andrea; Harcourt, William D.; Cornwell, David G.; Caudron, Corentin; Poli, Piero; Bernard, Pascal; Larose, Eric; Stutzmann, Eleonore; Voss, Peter H.; Lund, Bjorn; Cannavo, Flavio; Castro-Diaz, Manuel J.; Chaves, Esteban; Dahl-Jensen, Trine; Dias, Nicolas De Pinho; Deprez, Aline; Develter, Roeland; Dreger, Douglas; Evers, Laeslo G.; Fernandez-Nieto, Enrique D.; Ferreira, Ana M. G.; Funning, Gareth; Gabriel, Alice-Agnes; Hendrickx, Marc; Kafka, Alan L.; Keiding, Marie; Kerby, Jeffrey; Khan, Shfaqat A.; Dideriksen, Andreas Kjaer; Lamb, Oliver D.; Larsen, Tine B.; Lipovsky, Bradley; Magdalena, Ikha; Malet, Jean-Philippe; Myrup, Mikkel; Rivera, Luis; Ruiz-Castillo, Eugenio; Wetter, Selina; Wirtz, Bastien
• 署名单位: Geological Survey Of Denmark & Greenland; University of London; University College London; Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; University of Stuttgart; Universite Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Universite Gustave-Eiffel; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; University of Hamburg; Aarhus University; Flanders Marine Institute VLIZ; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Aberdeen; University of Oxford; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of Catania; Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV); Universite Libre de Bruxelles; University of Padua; Uppsala University; Universidad de Malaga; Delft University of Technology; University of Sevilla; University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Munich; Boston College; University of Cambridge; Technical University of Denmark; GNS Science - New Zealand; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Institute Technology of Bandung
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-10964
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adm9247
• 发表日期: 2024-09-13
• 页码: 1196-1205
• 关键词: free oscillations; seismic signals; mount-pinatubo; karrat fjord; landslide; MODEL; rayleigh; waves; seiche; mass

摘要

Climate change is increasingly predisposing polar regions to large landslides. Tsunamigenic landslides have occurred recently in Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat), but none have been reported from the eastern fjords. In September 2023, we detected the start of a 9-day-long, global 10.88-millihertz (92-second) monochromatic very-long-period (VLP) seismic signal, originating from East Greenland. In this study, we demonstrate how this event started with a glacial thinning-induced rock-ice avalanche of 25 x 10(6) cubic meters plunging into Dickson Fjord, triggering a 200-meter-high tsunami. Simulations show that the tsunami stabilized into a 7-meter-high long-duration seiche with a frequency (11.45 millihertz) and slow amplitude decay that were nearly identical to the seismic signal. An oscillating, fjord-transverse single force with a maximum amplitude of 5 x 10(11) newtons reproduced the seismic amplitudes and their radiation pattern relative to the fjord, demonstrating how a seiche directly caused the 9-day-long seismic signal. Our findings highlight how climate change is causing cascading, hazardous feedbacks between the cryosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.