Chloronitramide anion is a decomposition product of inorganic chloramines

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Fairey, Julian L.; Laszakovits, Juliana R.; Pham, Huong T.; Do, Thien D.; Hodges, Samuel D.; McNeill, Kristopher; Wahman, David G.
• 署名单位: University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; United States Environmental Protection Agency
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-10141
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adk6749
• 发表日期: 2024-11-22
• 页码: 882-887
• 关键词: disinfection by-products; natural organic-matter; drinking-water; dichloramine decomposition; monochloramine decomposition; relative importance; nitrogen; mass; chlorination; genotoxicity

摘要

Inorganic chloramines are commonly used drinking water disinfectants intended to safeguard public health and curb regulated disinfection by-product formation. However, inorganic chloramines themselves produce by-products that are poorly characterized. We report chloronitramide anion (Cl-N-NO2-) as a previously unidentified end product of inorganic chloramine decomposition. Analysis of chloraminated US drinking waters found Cl-N-NO2- in all samples tested (n = 40), with a median concentration of 23 micrograms per liter and first and third quartiles of 1.3 and 92 micrograms per liter, respectively. Cl-N-NO2- warrants occurrence and toxicity studies in chloraminated water systems that serve more than 113 million people in the US alone.