Ecological erosion and expanding extinction risk of sharks and rays

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Pacoureau, Nathan; Matsushiba, Jay H.; Yan, Helen F.; Vanderwright, Wade J.; Rigby, Cassandra L.; Finucci, Brittany; Sherman, C. Samantha; Jabado, Rima W.; Carlson, John K.; Pollom, Riley A.; Charvet, Patricia; Pollock, Caroline M.; Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Simpfendorfer, Colin A.
• 署名单位: Simon Fraser University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Ifremer; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Universite de Bretagne Occidentale; James Cook University; James Cook University; National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA) - New Zealand; Deakin University; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; Universidade Federal do Ceara; University of Tasmania
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-8310
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adn1477
• 发表日期: 2024-12-06
• 关键词: one-3rd; drives; face

摘要

The true state of ocean biodiversity is difficult to assess, and there are few global indicators to track the primary threat of overfishing. We calculated a 50-year Red List Index of extinction risk and ecological function for 1199 sharks and rays and found that since 1970, overfishing has halved their populations and their Red List Index has worsened by 19%. Overfishing the largest species in nearshore and pelagic habitats risks loss of ecomorphotypes and a 5 to 22% erosion of functional diversity. Extinction risk is higher in countries with large human coastal populations but lower in nations with stronger governance, larger economies, and greater beneficial fisheries subsidies. Restricting fishing (including incidental catch) and trade to sustainable levels combined with prohibiting retention of highly threatened species can avert further depletion, widespread loss of population connectivity, and top-down predator control.