Ancient structural variants control sex-specific flowering time morphs in walnuts and hickories

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Groh, Jeffrey S.; Vik, Diane C.; Davis, Matthew; Monroe, J. Grey; Stevens, Kristian A.; Brown, Patrick J.; Langley, Charles H.; Coop, Graham
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-13799
• DOI: 10.1126/science.ado5578
• 发表日期: 2025-01-03
• 关键词: juglans-regia l; gender specialization; heterodichogamy; EVOLUTION; sequence; interference; algorithm; pollen; inheritance; gynodioecy

摘要

Balanced mating type polymorphisms offer a distinct window into the forces shaping sexual reproduction strategies. Multiple hermaphroditic genera in Juglandaceae, including walnuts (Juglans) and hickories (Carya), show a 1:1 genetic dimorphism for male versus female flowering order (heterodichogamy). We map two distinct Mendelian inheritance mechanisms to ancient (>37 million years old) genus-wide structural DNA polymorphisms. The dominant haplotype for female-first flowering in Juglans contains tandem repeats of the 3 untranslated region of a gene putatively involved in trehalose-6-phosphate metabolism and is associated with increased cis gene expression in developing male flowers, possibly mediated by small RNAs. The Carya locus contains similar to 20 syntenic genes and shows molecular signatures of sex chromosome-like evolution. Inheritance mechanisms for heterodichogamy are deeply conserved, yet may occasionally turn over, as in sex determination.