The Sikkim flood of October 2023: Drivers, causes, and impacts of a multihazard cascade

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Sattar, Ashim; Cook, Kristen L.; Rai, Shashi Kant; Berthier, Etienne; Allen, Simon; Rinzin, Sonam; de Vries, Maximillian Van Wyk; Haeberli, Wilfried; Kushwaha, Pradeep; Shugar, Dan H.; Emmer, Adam; Haritashya, Umesh K.; Frey, Holger; Rao, Praful; Gurudin, Kori Sanjay Kumar; Rai, Prabhakar; Rajak, Rajeev; Hossain, Faruk; Huggel, Christian; Mergili, Martin; Azam, Mohd. Farooq; Gascoin, Simon; Carrivick, Jonathan L.; Bell, Louie Elliot; Ranjan, Rakesh Kumar; Rashid, Irfan; Kulkarni, Anil. V.; Petley, Dave; Schwanghart, Wolfgang; Watson, C. Scott; Islam, Nazimul; Das Gupta, Moushumi; Lane, Stuart N.; Bhat, Shahid Younis
• 署名单位: Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Bhubaneswar; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite Gustave-Eiffel; Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; Central University of Jammu; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et oceanographie spatiales; University of Zurich; University of Geneva; University of Newcastle; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; Indian Institute of Science (IISC) - Bangalore; University of Calgary; University of Graz; University System of Ohio; University of Dayton; University System of Ohio; University of Dayton; Banaras Hindu University (BHU); Sikkim University; Geological Survey of Bangladesh (GSB); Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Indore; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; INRAE; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); University of Leeds; University of Cambridge; University of Kashmir; Indian Institute of Science (IISC) - Bangalore; University of Hull; University of Potsdam; University of Leeds; University of Lausanne
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-12172
• DOI: 10.1126/science.ads2659
• 发表日期: 2025-03-21
• 关键词: lake outburst floods; glacial lakes; precipitation; dam; propagation; hydropower; inventory; inversion; EVOLUTION; himalaya

摘要

On 3 October 2023, a multihazard cascade in the Sikkim Himalaya, India, was triggered by 14.7 million cubic meters of frozen lateral moraine collapsing into South Lhonak Lake. The impact generated an similar to 20-meter tsunami-like impact wave, which breached the moraine and drained similar to 50 million cubic meters of the lake's water. The ensuing glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) eroded similar to 270 million cubic meters of sediment, which overwhelmed infrastructure, including hydropower installations along the Teesta River. The physical scale and human and economic impacts of this event prompt urgent reflection on the role of climate change and human activities in exacerbating such disasters. Insights into multihazard evolution are pivotal for informing policy development, enhancing early warning systems (EWS), and spurring paradigm shifts in GLOF risk management strategies in the Himalaya and other mountain environments.