Rules of engagement for condensins and cohesins guide mitotic chromosome formation

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Samejima, Kumiko; Gibcus, Johan H.; Abraham, Sameer; Cisneros-Soberanis, Fernanda; Samejima, Itaru; Beckett, Alison J.; Puacekova, Nina; Abad, Maria Alba; Spanos, Christos; Medina-Pritchard, Bethan; Paulson, James R.; Xie, Linfeng; Jeyaprakash, A. Arockia; Prior, Ian A.; Mirny, Leonid A.; Dekker, Job; Goloborodko, Anton; Earnshaw, William C.
• 署名单位: University of Edinburgh; University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Liverpool; University of Liverpool; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Oshkosh; University of Munich; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester; UMass Chan Medical School; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA)
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-10522
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adq1709
• 发表日期: 2025-04-10
• 页码: 166-+
• 关键词: sister-chromatid cohesion; topoisomerase-ii; loop extrusion; protein; condensation; ORGANIZATION; genome; metaphase; reveals; cells

摘要

We used Hi-C, imaging, proteomics, and polymer modeling to define rules of engagement for SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) complexes as cells refold interphase chromatin into rod-shaped mitotic chromosomes. First, condensin disassembles interphase chromatin loop organization by evicting or displacing extrusive cohesin. Second, condensin bypasses cohesive cohesins, thereby maintaining sister chromatid cohesion as sisters separate. Studies of mitotic chromosomes formed by cohesin, condensin II, and condensin I alone or in combination lead to refined models of mitotic chromosome conformation. In these models, loops are consecutive and not overlapping, implying that condensins stall upon encountering each other. The dynamics of Hi-C interactions and chromosome morphology reveal that during prophase, loops are extruded in vivo at similar to 1 to 3 kilobases per second by condensins as they form a disordered discontinuous helical scaffold within individual chromatids.