Coherent evolution of superexchange interaction in seconds-long optical clock spectroscopy

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Milner, William R.; Lannig, Stefan; Mamaev, Mikhail; Yan, Lingfeng; Chu, Anjun; Lewis, Ben; Frankel, Max N.; Hutson, Ross B.; Rey, Ana Maria; Ye, Jun
• 署名单位: University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) - USA; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-13965
• DOI: 10.1126/science.ado5987
• 发表日期: 2025-05-01
• 页码: 503-508
• 关键词: antiferromagnetic correlations; hubbard-model; spin; lattice; DYNAMICS; fermions; physics; atoms

摘要

Scaling up the performance of atomic clocks requires understanding complex many-body Hamiltonians to ensure meaningful gains for metrological applications. Here we use a degenerate Fermi gas loaded into a three-dimensional optical lattice to study the effect of a tunable Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian. The clock laser introduces a spin-orbit coupling spiral phase and breaks the isotropy of superexchange interactions, leading to XXZ-type spin anisotropy. By tuning the lattice confinement and applying imaging spectroscopy, we map out favorable atomic coherence regimes. We transition through various interaction regimes and observe coherent superexchange, tunable through on-site interaction and site-to-site energy shift, affecting the Ramsey fringe contrast over timescales >1 second. This study lays the groundwork for using a three-dimensional optical lattice clock to probe quantum magnetism and spin entanglement.