A synthesis of evidence for policy from behavioural science during COVID-19

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Ruggeri, Kai; Stock, Friederike; Haslam, S. Alexander; Capraro, Valerio; Boggio, Paulo; Ellemers, Naomi; Cichocka, Aleksandra; Douglas, Karen M.; Rand, David G.; van der Linden, Sander; Cikara, Mina; Finkel, Eli J.; Druckman, James N.; Wohl, Michael J. A.; Petty, Richard E.; Tucker, Joshua A.; Shariff, Azim; Gelfand, Michele; Packer, Dominic; Jetten, Jolanda; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Pennycook, Gordon; Peters, Ellen; Baicker, Katherine; Crum, Alia; Weeden, Kim A.; Napper, Lucy; Tabri, Nassim; Zaki, Jamil; Skitka, Linda; Kitayama, Shinobu; Mobbs, Dean; Sunstein, Cass R.; Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah; Todsen, Anna Louise; Hajian, Ali; Verra, Sanne; Buehler, Vanessa; Friedemann, Maja; Hecht, Marlene; Mobarak, Rayyan S.; Karakasheva, Ralitsa; Tunte, Markus R.; Yeung, Siu Kit; Rosenbaum, R. Shayna; Yamada, Yuki; Hudson, Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn; Macchia, Lucia; Soboleva, Irina; Dimant, Eugen; Geiger, Sandra J.; Jarke, Hannes; Wingen, Tobias; Berkessel, Jana B.; Mareva, Silvana; McGill, Lucy; Papa, Francesca; Veckalov, Bojana; Afif, Zeina; Buabang, Eike K.; Landman, Marna; Tavera, Felice; Andrews, Jack L.; Bursaloglu, Asl; Zupan, Zorana; Wagner, Lisa; Navajas, Joaquin; Vranka, Marek; Kasdan, David; Chen, Patricia; Hudson, Kathleen R.; Novak, Lindsay M.; Teas, Paul; Rachev, Nikolay R.; Galizzi, Matteo M.; Milkman, Katherine L.; Petrovic, Marija; Van Bavel, Jay J.; Willer, Robb
• 署名单位: Columbia University; University of Cambridge; United States Department of Defense; United States Air Force; Max Planck Society; Humboldt University of Berlin; University of Queensland; University of Milano-Bicocca; Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; Utrecht University; University of Kent; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Cambridge; Harvard University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Carleton University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; New York University; New York University; University of British Columbia; Stanford University; Lehigh University; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Cologne; Cornell University; University of Oregon; University of Oregon; University of Chicago; Stanford University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; California Institute of Technology; California Institute of Technology; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of Tehran; University of Oxford; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Vienna; Chinese University of Hong Kong; York University - Canada; University of Toronto; Baycrest; University of Ljubljana; Kyushu University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; City St Georges, University of London; Duke Kunshan University; University of Pennsylvania; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Vienna; University of Bonn; University of Mannheim; University of Cambridge; University of Exeter; University College Dublin; University of Groningen; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); University of Amsterdam; The World Bank; Trinity College Dublin; University of Pretoria; University of Cologne; University of Oxford; Loyola University Chicago; University of Belgrade; University of Zurich; University of Zurich; Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); Charles University Prague; Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National University of Singapore; University of Sofia; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Pennsylvania; University of Belgrade; University of Belgrade; New York University; New York University; Stanford University
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-5630
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06840-9
• 发表日期: 2024-01-04
• 关键词: public-health; vaccination

摘要

Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions(1), with behavioural science increasingly part of this process(2). In April 2020, an influential paper(3) proposed 19 policy recommendations ('claims') detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to efforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams finding evidence supporting 16 (89%) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy effectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed effects and there were no effects for highlighting individual benefits or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct differences in effects between using the terms 'physical distancing' and 'social distancing'. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientific evidence in policy formulation and prioritization. Evaluation of evidence generated to test 19 proposed policy recommendations and guidance for the future.