100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Allentoft, Morten E.; Sikora, Martin; Fischer, Anders; Sjoegren, Karl-Goeran; Ingason, Andres; Macleod, Ruairidh; Rosengren, Anders; Schulz Paulsson, Bettina; Jorkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup; Novosolov, Maria; Stenderup, Jesper; Price, T. Douglas; Fischer Mortensen, Morten; Nielsen, Anne Birgitte; Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel; Sorensen, Lasse; Nielsen, Poul Otto; Rasmussen, Peter; Jensen, Theis Zetner Trolle; Refoyo-Martinez, Alba; Irving-Pease, Evan K.; Barrie, William; Pearson, Alice; Sousa da Mota, Barbara; Demeter, Fabrice; Henriksen, Rasmus A.; Vimala, Tharsika; Mccoll, Hugh; Vaughn, Andrew; Vinner, Lasse; Renaud, Gabriel; Stern, Aaron; Johannsen, Niels Norkjaer; Ramsoe, Abigail Daisy; Schork, Andrew Joseph; Ruter, Anthony; Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte; Henning Nielsen, Bjarne; Brinch Petersen, Erik; Kannegaard, Esben; Hansen, Jesper; Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer; Pedersen, Lisbeth; Klassen, Lutz; Meldgaard, Morten; Johansen, Morten; Uldum, Otto Christian; Lotz, Per; Lysdahl, Per; Bangsgaard, Pernille; Petersen, Peter Vang; Maring, Rikke; Iversen, Rune; Wahlin, Sidsel; Anker Sorensen, Soren; Andersen, Soren H.; Jorgensen, Thomas; Lynnerup, Niels; Lawson, Daniel J.; Rasmussen, Simon; Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand; Kjaer, Kurt H.; Durbin, Richard; Nielsen, Rasmus; Delaneau, Olivier; Werge, Thomas; Kristiansen, Kristian; Willerslev, Eske
• 署名单位: University of Copenhagen; Curtin University; University of Kiel; University of Gothenburg; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen University Hospital; University of Cambridge; University of London; University College London; University of Copenhagen; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Lund University; University of Copenhagen; University of Cambridge; University of Lausanne; University of Lausanne; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Technical University of Denmark; Aarhus University; Translational Genomics Research Institute; University of Copenhagen; Novozymes; University of Copenhagen; University of Bristol; University of Copenhagen; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Copenhagen; University of Bremen
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-5735
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06862-3
• 发表日期: 2024-01-11
• 页码: 329-337
• 关键词: quantitative reconstruction; strontium isotopes; stable-isotope; radiocarbon; indicators; selection; DYNAMICS; patterns; mobility; IDENTITY

摘要

Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1-4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5-7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebolle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use. Integrated data, including 100 human genomes from the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Early Bronze Age periods show that two major population turnovers occurred over just 1,000 years in Neolithic Denmark, resulting in dramatic changes in the genes, diet and physical appearance of the local people, as well as the landscape in which they lived.