C60-based ionic salt electron shuttle for high-performance inverted perovskite solar modules

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: You, Shuai; Zhu, Hongwei; Shen, Zhongjin; Wang, Xiaoming; Shao, Bingyao; Wang, Qingxiao; Lu, Jianxun; Yuan, Youyou; Dou, Benjia Dak; Sanehira, Erin M.; Russell, Todd; Lorenz, Adam; Dong, Yifan; Chen, Lei; Casareto, Marco; Rolston, Nicholas; Beard, Matthew C.; Berry, Joseph J.; Freitag, Marina; Yan, Yanfa; Bakr, Osman M.; Zhu, Kai
• 署名单位: United States Department of Energy (DOE); National Renewable Energy Laboratory - USA; King Abdullah University of Science & Technology; Newcastle University - UK; University System of Ohio; University of Toledo; University System of Ohio; University of Toledo; King Abdullah University of Science & Technology; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; United States Department of Energy (DOE); National Renewable Energy Laboratory - USA; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-12379
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adv4701
• 发表日期: 2025-05-29
• 页码: 964-968
• 关键词: total-energy calculations; halide perovskites; efficient; cells; passivation; STABILITY

摘要

Although buckminsterfullerene (C-60) is usually the electron transport layer (ETL) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), its molecular nature leads to weak interfaces that result in nonideal interfacial electronic and mechanical degradation. In this study, we synthesized an ionic salt from C-60, 4-(1 ',5 '-dihydro-1 '-methyl-2 ' H-[5,6] fullereno-C-60-I-h-[1,9-c]pyrrol-2 '-yl) phenylmethanaminium chloride (CPMAC), and used it as the electron shuttle in inverted PSCs. The CH2-NH3+ head group in the CPMA cation improved the ETL interface, and the ionic nature enhanced the packing, leading to a similar to threefold increase in the interfacial toughness compared with that of C-60. Using CPMAC, we obtained similar to 26% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) with similar to 2% degradation after 2100 hours of 1-sun operation at 65 degrees C. For minimodules (four subcells, 6 square centimeters), we achieved a PCE of similar to 23% with <9% degradation after 2200 hours of operation at 55 degrees C.