Record-breaking 2023 marine heatwaves

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Dong, Tianyun; Zeng, Zhenzhong; Pan, Ming; Wang, Dashan; Chen, Yuntian; Liang, Lili; Yang, Shuai; Jin, Yubin; Luo, Shuxin; Liang, Shijing; Huang, Xiaowen; Zhao, Dongzhi; Ziegler, Alan D.; Chen, Deliang; Li, Laurent Z. X.; Zhou, Tianjun; Zhang, Dongxiao
• 署名单位: Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo; Southern University of Science & Technology; Southern University of Science & Technology; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology; Tsinghua University; Sorbonne Universite; Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-11745
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adr0910
• 发表日期: 2025-07-24
• 页码: 369-374
• 关键词: mortality event; north pacific; climate

摘要

The year 2023 witnessed an extraordinary surge in marine heatwaves (MHWs) across Earth's oceans, setting new records in duration, extent, and intensity, with MHW activity totaling 53.6 billion degrees C days square kilometer-more than three standard deviations above the historical norm since 1982. Notable events include the North Atlantic MHW (276-year return period) and the Southwest Pacific (141 years). Using ECCO2 (Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean-Phase II) high-resolution daily data, we conducted a mixed-layer heat budget analysis and identified region-specific drivers: enhanced shortwave flux and a shallower mixed layer in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, reduced cloud cover and increased advection in the Southwest Pacific, and oceanic advections in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. The 2023 MHWs highlight the intensifying impacts of a warm climate and the challenges in understanding extreme events.