An atomic boson sampler

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Young, Aaron W.; Geller, Shawn; Eckner, William J.; Schine, Nathan; Glancy, Scott; Knill, Emanuel; Kaufman, Adam M.
• 署名单位: University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) - USA; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-6169
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07304-4
• 发表日期: 2024-05-09
• 关键词: quantum computational advantage; single atoms; entanglement; complexity; physics; walks

摘要

A boson sampler implements a restricted model of quantum computing. It is defined by the ability to sample from the distribution resulting from the interference of identical bosons propagating according to programmable, non-interacting dynamics1. An efficient exact classical simulation of boson sampling is not believed to exist, which has motivated ground-breaking boson sampling experiments in photonics with increasingly many photons2-12. However, it is difficult to generate and reliably evolve specific numbers of photons with low loss, and thus probabilistic techniques for postselection7 or marked changes to standard boson sampling10-12 are generally used. Here, we address the above challenges by implementing boson sampling using ultracold atoms13,14 in a two-dimensional, tunnel-coupled optical lattice. This demonstration is enabled by a previously unrealized combination of tools involving high-fidelity optical cooling and imaging of atoms in a lattice, as well as programmable control of those atoms using optical tweezers. When extended to interacting systems, our work demonstrates the core abilities required to directly assemble ground and excited states in simulations of various Hubbard models15,16. Boson sampling using ultracold atoms in a two-dimensional, tunnel-coupled optical lattice is enabled by high-fidelity programmable control with optical tweezers of a large number of atoms trapped in an optical lattice.