Probing entanglement in a 2D hard-core Bose-Hubbard lattice

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Karamlou, Amir H.; Rosen, Ilan T.; Muschinske, Sarah E.; Barrett, Cora N.; Di Paolo, Agustin; Ding, Leon; Harrington, Patrick M.; Hays, Max; Das, Rabindra; Kim, David K.; Niedzielski, Bethany M.; Schuldt, Meghan; Serniak, Kyle; Schwartz, Mollie E.; Yoder, Jonilyn L.; Gustavsson, Simon; Yanay, Yariv; Grover, Jeffrey A.; Oliver, William D.
• 署名单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Wellesley College; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Lincoln Laboratory
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-4293
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07325-z
• 发表日期: 2024-05-16
• 页码: 561-+
• 关键词: statistical-mechanics; thermalization; entropy; localization; chaos

摘要

Entanglement and its propagation are central to understanding many physical properties of quantum systems(1-3). Notably, within closed quantum many-body systems, entanglement is believed to yield emergent thermodynamic behaviour(4-7). However, a universal understanding remains challenging owing to the non-integrability and computational intractability of most large-scale quantum systems. Quantum hardware platforms provide a means to study the formation and scaling of entanglement in interacting many-body systems(8-14). Here we use a controllable 4x4 array of superconducting qubits to emulate a 2D hard-core Bose-Hubbard (HCBH) lattice. We generate superposition states by simultaneously driving all lattice sites and extract correlation lengths and entanglement entropy across its many-body energy spectrum. We observe volume-law entanglement scaling for states at the centre of the spectrum and a crossover to the onset of area-law scaling near its edges.