Biogeographic response of marine plankton to Cenozoic environmental changes

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Swain, Anshuman; Woodhouse, Adam; Fagan, William F.; Fraass, Andrew J.; Lowery, Christopher M.
• 署名单位: Harvard University; Harvard University; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Bristol; University of Victoria
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-4179
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07337-9
• 发表日期: 2024-05-16
• 页码: 616-+
• 关键词: diversity; EVOLUTION; foraminifera; climate; ocean; CONSEQUENCES; ecosystems; DYNAMICS; patterns; RECOVERY

摘要

In palaeontological studies, groups with consistent ecological and morphological traits across a clade's history (functional groups)(1) afford different perspectives on biodiversity dynamics than do species and genera(2,3), which are evolutionarily ephemeral. Here we analyse Triton, a global dataset of Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminiferal occurrences(4), to contextualize changes in latitudinal equitability gradients(1), functional diversity, palaeolatitudinal specialization and community equitability. We identify: global morphological communities becoming less specialized preceding the richness increase after the Cretaceous-Palaeogene extinction; ecological specialization during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum, suggesting inhibitive equatorial temperatures during the peak of the Cenozoic hothouse; increased specialization due to circulation changes across the Eocene-Oligocene transition, preceding the loss of morphological diversity; changes in morphological specialization and richness about 19million years ago, coeval with pelagic shark extinctions(5); delayed onset of changing functional group richness and specialization between hemispheres during the mid-Miocene plankton diversification. The detailed nature of the Triton dataset permits a unique spatiotemporal view of Cenozoic pelagic macroevolution, in which global biogeographic responses of functional communities and richness are decoupled during Cenozoic climate events. The global response of functional groups to similar abiotic selection pressures may depend on the background climatic state (greenhouse or icehouse) to which a group is adapted.