Molecular and physiological changes in the SpaceX Inspiration4 civilian crew

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Jones, Christopher W.; Overbey, Eliah G.; Lacombe, Jerome; Ecker, Adrian J.; Meydan, Cem; Ryon, Krista; Tierney, Braden; Damle, Namita; Mackay, Matthew; Afshin, Evan E.; Foox, Jonathan; Park, Jiwoon; Nelson, Theodore M.; Mohamad, Mir Suhail; Byhaqui, Syed Gufran Ahmad; Aslam, Burhan; Tali, Ummer Akbar; Nisa, Liaqun; Menon, Priya V.; Patel, Chintan O.; Khan, Sharib A.; Ebert, Doug J.; Everson, Aaron; Schubert, Michael C.; Ali, Nabila N.; Sarma, Mallika S.; Kim, Jangkeun; Houerbi, Nadia; Grigorev, Kirill; Medina, J. Sebastian Garcia; Summers, Alexander J.; Gu, Jian; Altin, John A.; Fattahi, Ali; Hirzallah, Mohammad I.; Wu, Jimmy H.; Stahn, Alexander C.; Beheshti, Afshin; Klotz, Remi; Ortiz, Veronica; Yu, Min; Patras, Laura; Matei, Irina; Lyden, David; Melnick, Ari; Banerjee, Neil; Mullane, Sean; Kleinman, Ashley S.; Loesche, Michael; Menon, Anil S.; Donoviel, Dorit B.; Urquieta, Emmanuel; Mateus, Jaime; Sargsyan, Ashot E.; Shelhamer, Mark; Zenhausern, Frederic; Bershad, Eric M.; Basner, Mathias; Mason, Christopher E.
• 署名单位: University of Pennsylvania; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; University of Arizona; University of Arizona; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Columbia University; Johns Hopkins University; Translational Genomics Research Institute; Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; University of Southern California; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Babes Bolyai University from Cluj; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; SpaceX; University of Texas System; University of Texas Health Science Center Houston; University of Arizona
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-6951
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07648-x
• 发表日期: 2024-08-29
• 关键词: cognition test battery; short-duration spaceflight; motion sickness; astronauts; performance; validation; SYSTEM

摘要

Human spaceflight has historically been managed by government agencies, such as in the NASA Twins Study1, but new commercial spaceflight opportunities have opened spaceflight to a broader population. In 2021, the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission launched the first all-civilian crew to low Earth orbit, which included the youngest American astronaut (aged 29), new in-flight experimental technologies (handheld ultrasound imaging, smartwatch wearables and immune profiling), ocular alignment measurements and new protocols for in-depth, multi-omic molecular and cellular profiling. Here we report the primary findings from the 3-day spaceflight mission, which induced a broad range of physiological and stress responses, neurovestibular changes indexed by ocular misalignment, and altered neurocognitive functioning, some of which match those of long-term spaceflight2, but almost all of which did not differ from baseline (pre-flight) after return to Earth. Overall, these preliminary civilian spaceflight data suggest that short-duration missions do not pose a significant health risk, and moreover present a rich opportunity to measure the earliest phases of adaptation to spaceflight in the human body at anatomical, cellular, physiological and cognitive levels. Finally, these methods and results lay the foundation for an open, rapidly expanding biomedical database for astronauts3, which can inform countermeasure development for both private and government-sponsored space missions. SpaceX's Inspiration4 mission sent an all-civilian crew into orbit to study physiological, neurovestibular and neurocognitive changes in the astronauts and found that short-duration civilian space missions do not pose a major health risk.