A second space age spanning omics, platforms and medicine across orbits

• 成果类型: Review
• 署名作者: Mason, Christopher E.; Green, James; Adamopoulos, Konstantinos I.; Afshin, Evan E.; Baechle, Jordan J.; Basner, Mathias; Bailey, Susan M.; Bielski, Luca; Borg, Josef; Borg, Joseph; Broddrick, Jared T.; Burke, Marissa; Caicedo, Andres; Castaneda, Veronica; Chatterjee, Subhamoy; Chin, Christopher R.; Church, George; Costes, Sylvain V.; De Vlaminck, Iwijn; Desai, Rajeev I.; Dhir, Raja; Diaz, Juan Esteban; Etlin, Sofia M.; Feinstein, Zachary; Furman, David; Garcia-Medina, J. Sebastian; Garrett-Bakelman, Francine; Giacomello, Stefania; Gupta, Anjali; Hassanin, Amira; Houerbi, Nadia; Irby, Iris; Javorsky, Emilia; Jirak, Peter; Jones, Christopher W.; Kamal, Khaled Y.; Kangas, Brian D.; Karouia, Fathi; Kim, Jangkeun; Kim, Joo Hyun; Kleinman, Ashley S.; Lam, Try; Lawler, John M.; Lee, Jessica A.; Limoli, Charles L.; Lucaci, Alexander; Mackay, Matthew; Mcdonald, J. Tyson; Melnick, Ari M.; Meydan, Cem; Mieczkowski, Jakub; Muratani, Masafumi; Najjar, Deena; Othman, Mariam A.; Overbey, Eliah G.; Paar, Vera; Park, Jiwoon; Paul, Amber M.; Perdyan, Adrian; Proszynski, Jacqueline; Reynolds, Robert J.; Ronca, April E.; Rubins, Kate; Ryon, Krista A.; Sanders, Lauren M.; Glowe, Patricia Savi; Shevde, Yash; Schmidt, Michael A.; Scott, Ryan T.; Shirah, Bader; Sienkiewicz, Karolina; Sierra, Maria A.; Siew, Keith; Theriot, Corey A.; Tierney, Braden T.; Venkateswaran, Kasthuri; Hirschberg, Jeremy Wain; Walsh, Stephen B.; Walter, Claire; Winer, Daniel A.; Yu, Min; Zea, Luis; Mateus, Jaime; Beheshti, Afshin
• 署名单位: Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; National Technical University of Athens; Buck Institute for Research on Aging; University of Pennsylvania; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; University of Malta; University of Malta; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Universidad de los Andes - Chile; Universidad de los Andes - Chile; Southwest Research Institute; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; University of Zurich; Swiss Institute of Allergy & Asthma Research; Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Cornell University; Buck Institute for Research on Aging; Stanford University; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); Austral University; Royal Institute of Technology; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Zagazig University; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Harvard University; Paracelsus Private Medical University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Iowa State University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; Baylor College of Medicine; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Georgetown University; Fahrenheit Universities; Medical University Gdansk; University of Tsukuba; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Paracelsus Private Medical University; Stanford University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston; Wake Forest University; Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Johnson Space Center; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center; University of London; University College London; University of Southern California; University of Toronto; University of Toronto; University Health Network Toronto; University of Toronto; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore; University of Southern California; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; SpaceX; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-6833
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07586-8
• 发表日期: 2024-08-29
• 页码: 995-1008
• 关键词: open science; spaceflight; radiation; expression; architecture; adaptation; genome; stress; field; dna

摘要

The recent acceleration of commercial, private and multi-national spaceflight has created an unprecedented level of activity in low Earth orbit, concomitant with the largest-ever number of crewed missions entering space and preparations for exploration-class (lasting longer than one year) missions. Such rapid advancement into space from many new companies, countries and space-related entities has enabled a 'second space age'. This era is also poised to leverage, for the first time, modern tools and methods of molecular biology and precision medicine, thus enabling precision aerospace medicine for the crews. The applications of these biomedical technologies and algorithms are diverse, and encompass multi-omic, single-cell and spatial biology tools to investigate human and microbial responses to spaceflight. Additionally, they extend to the development of new imaging techniques, real-time cognitive assessments, physiological monitoring and personalized risk profiles tailored for astronauts. Furthermore, these technologies enable advancements in pharmacogenomics, as well as the identification of novel spaceflight biomarkers and the development of corresponding countermeasures. In this Perspective, we highlight some of the recent biomedical research from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, European Space Agency and other space agencies, and detail the entrance of the commercial spaceflight sector (including SpaceX, Blue Origin, Axiom and Sierra Space) into aerospace medicine and space biology, the first aerospace medicine biobank, and various upcoming missions that will utilize these tools to ensure a permanent human presence beyond low Earth orbit, venturing out to other planets and moons. The current 'second space age' has enabled multiple studies on the effects of spaceflight on human physiology and health, which are contributing to the development of measures that will be needed to maintain astronaut health in future space missions.