Emergence of collective oscillations in massive human crowds

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Gu, Francois; Guiselin, Benjamin; Bain, Nicolas; Zuriguel, Iker; Bartolo, Denis
• 署名单位: Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Physics (INP); Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Physics (INP); University of Navarra
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-1284
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08514-6
• 发表日期: 2025-02-06
• 关键词: hydrodynamics

摘要

Dense crowds form some of the most dangerous environments in modern society1. Dangers arise from uncontrolled collective motions, leading to compression against walls, suffocation and fatalities2, 3-4. Our current understanding of crowd dynamics primarily relies on heuristic collision models, which effectively capture the behaviour observed in small groups of people5,6. However, the emergent dynamics of dense crowds, composed of thousands of individuals, remains a formidable many-body problem lacking quantitative experimental characterization and explanations rooted in first principles. Here we analyse the dynamics of thousands of densely packed individuals at the San Ferm & iacute;n festival (Spain) and infer a physical theory of dense crowds in confinement. Our measurements reveal that dense crowds can self-organize into macroscopic chiral oscillators, coordinating the orbital motion of hundreds of individuals without external guidance. Guided by these measurements and symmetry principles, we construct a mechanical model of dense-crowd motion. Our model demonstrates that emergent odd frictional forces drive a non-reciprocal phase transition7 towards collective chiral oscillations, capturing all our experimental observations. To test the robustness of our findings, we show that similar chiral dynamics emerged at the onset of the 2010 Love Parade disaster and propose a protocol that could help anticipate these previously unpredictable dynamics.