Earliest modern human genomes constrain timing of Neanderthal admixture

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Suemer, Arev P.; Rougier, Helene; Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa; Huang, Yilei; Iasi, Leonardo N. M.; Essel, Elena; Mesa, Alba Bossoms; Furtwaengler, Anja; Peyregne, Stephane; de Filippo, Cesare; Rohrlach, Adam B.; Pierini, Federica; Mafessoni, Fabrizio; Fewlass, Helen; Zavala, Elena I.; Mylopotamitaki, Dorothea; Bianco, Raffaela A.; Schmidt, Anna; Zorn, Julia; Nickel, Birgit; Patova, Anna; Posth, Cosimo; Smith, Geoff M.; Ruebens, Karen; Sinet-Mathiot, Virginie; Stoessel, Alexander; Dietl, Holger; Orschiedt, Joerg; Kelso, Janet; Zeberg, Hugo; Bos, Kirsten I.; Welker, Frido; Weiss, Marcel; Mcpherron, Shannon P.; Schueler, Tim; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Veleminsky, Petr; Bruzek, Jaroslav; Peter, Benjamin M.; Meyer, Matthias; Meller, Harald; Ringbauer, Harald; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Pruefer, Kay; Krause, Johannes
• 署名单位: Max Planck Society; California State University System; California State University Northridge; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC-UPF - Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (IBE); Pompeu Fabra University; Leipzig University; University of Adelaide; Tel Aviv University; Francis Crick Institute; University of Bristol; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Universite PSL; College de France; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; University of Reading; Universite de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Universite de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Chemistry (INC); Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; Free University of Berlin; Karolinska Institutet; University of Copenhagen; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; National Museum; Charles University Prague; University of Rochester
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-1641
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08420-x
• 发表日期: 2025-02-20

摘要

Modern humans arrived in Europe more than 45,000 years ago, overlapping at least 5,000 years with Neanderthals1, 2, 3-4. Limited genomic data from these early modern humans have shown that at least two genetically distinct groups inhabited Europe, represented by Zlat & yacute; k & uring;& ncaron;, Czechia3 and Bacho Kiro, Bulgaria2. Here we deepen our understanding of early modern humans by analysing one high-coverage genome and five low-coverage genomes from approximately 45,000-year-old remains from Ilsenh & ouml;hle in Ranis, Germany4, and a further high-coverage genome from Zlat & yacute; k & uring;& ncaron;. We show that distant familial relationships link the Ranis and Zlat & yacute; k & uring;& ncaron; individuals and that they were part of the same small, isolated population that represents the deepest known split from the Out-of-Africa lineage. Ranis genomes harbour Neanderthal segments that originate from a single admixture event shared with all non-Africans that we date to approximately 45,000-49,000 years ago. This implies that ancestors of all non-Africans sequenced so far resided in a common population at this time, and further suggests that modern human remains older than 50,000 years from outside Africa represent different non-African populations.