Silicate clouds and a circumplanetary disk in the YSES-1 exoplanet system

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Hoch, K. K. W.; Rowland, M.; Petrus, S.; Nasedkin, E.; Ingebretsen, C.; Kammerer, J.; Perrin, M.; D'Orazi, V.; Balmer, W. O.; Barman, T.; Bonnefoy, M.; Chauvin, G.; Chen, C.; De Rosa, R. J.; Girard, J.; Gonzales, E.; Kenworthy, M.; Konopacky, Q. M.; Macintosh, B.; Moran, S. E.; Morley, C. V.; Palma-Bifani, P.; Pueyo, L.; Ren, B.; Rickman, E.; Ruffio, J. -b.; Theissen, C. A.; Ward-Duong, K.; Zhang, Y.
• 署名单位: Space Telescope Science Institute; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Max Planck Society; Trinity College Dublin; Johns Hopkins University; European Southern Observatory; University of Padua; University of Arizona; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); European Southern Observatory; California State University System; San Francisco State University; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Universite Cote d'Azur; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; Observatoire de Paris; Sorbonne Universite; Universite Paris Cite; Space Telescope Science Institute; Smith College; California Institute of Technology
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-2731
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09174-w
• 发表日期: 2025-07-24
• 关键词: spitzer infrared spectrograph; molecular line lists; release science program; giant planet; brown dwarf; mineralogy; SPECTRA; steps; emission; dust

摘要

Young exoplanets provide an important link between understanding planet formation and atmospheric evolution1. Direct imaging spectroscopy allows us to infer the properties of young, wide-orbit, giant planets with high signal-to-noise ratio. This allows us to compare this young population with exoplanets characterized by transmission spectroscopy, which has indirectly revealed the presence of clouds2, 3-4, photochemistry5 and a diversity of atmospheric compositions6,7. Direct detections have also been made for brown dwarfs8,9, but direct studies of young giant planets in the mid-infrared were not possible before James Webb Space Telescope10. With two exoplanets around a solar-type star, the YSES-1 system is an ideal laboratory for studying this early phase of exoplanet evolution. Here we report the direct observations of silicate clouds in the atmosphere of the exoplanet YSES-1 c through its 9-11 mu m absorption feature, and the first circumplanetary disk silicate emission around its sibling planet, YSES-1 b. The clouds of YSES-1 c are composed of either amorphous iron-enriched pyroxene or a combination of amorphous MgSiO3 and Mg2SiO4, with particle sizes of <= 0.1 mu m at 1 millibar pressure. We attribute the emission from the disk around YSES-1 b to be from submicron olivine dust grains, which may have formed through collisions of planet-forming bodies in the disk.