Delocalized electrolyte design enables 600 Wh kg-1 lithium metal pouch cells

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Huang, He; Hu, Yitao; Hou, Yajun; Wang, Xingkai; Dong, Qiujiang; Zhao, Zhixin; Ji, Mingfang; Zhang, Wanxing; Li, Jinyang; Xie, Jianping; Guo, Hao; Han, Xiaopeng; Ouyang, Xiaoping; Hu, Wenbin
• 署名单位: TJU-NUS Joint Institute; Tianjin University; National University of Singapore; Tianjin University; Tianjin University; Tianjin University; Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology - China
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-0935
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09382-4
• 发表日期: 2025-08-21
• 关键词: molecular-dynamics; fluorinated electrolytes

摘要

The development of high-energy lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is essential for advances in next-generation energy storage and electric vehicle technologies1, 2-3. Nevertheless, the practical applications of LMBs are constrained by current electrolyte designs that inherently rely on dominant solvation structures, preventing transformative progress in performance optimization4,5. Here, we address this limitation through a delocalized electrolyte design that fosters a more disordered solvation microenvironment, thereby mitigating dynamic barriers and stabilizing interphases. The resulting delocalized electrolyte delivers notable energy densities of 604.2 Wh kg-1 in a 5.5-Ah LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (Ni90)||Li pouch cell with a lean electrolyte design (1.0 g Ah-1) and 618.2 Wh kg-1 in a 5.2-Ah Ni90||Li pouch cell with an ultralean electrolyte design (0.9 g Ah-1), maintaining significant cycle stability over 100 and 90 cycles, respectively. In addition, the 70-104 V NCM811||Li battery pack (3,904 Wh) exhibits a high energy density of 480.9 Wh kg-1 and stable cycling over 25 cycles. These results demonstrate the need to circumvent inherent reliance on dominant solvation structures in electrolyte design to achieve the high-energy Battery600 and scalable Pack480 targets.